Rationale and study design for an Individualized PeriopeRative Open lung VEntilatory approach in Emergency Abdominal Laparotomy/scopy: study protocol for a prospective international randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) are the most frequent postoperative complications, with an estimated prevalence in elective surgery ranging from 20% in observational cohort studies to 40% in randomized clinical trials. However, the prevalence of PPCs in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery is not well defined. Lung-protective ventilation aims to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury and reduce PPCs. The open lung approach (OLA), which combines recruitment manoeuvres (RM) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration, aims to minimize areas of atelectasis and the development of PPCs; however, there is no conclusive evidence in the literature that OLA can prevent PPCs. The purpose of this study is to compare an individualized perioperative OLA with conventional standardized lung-protective ventilation in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery with clinical signs of intraoperative lung collapse. METHODS: Randomized international clinical trial to compare an individualized perioperative OLA (RM plus individualized PEEP and individualized postoperative respiratory support) with conventional lung-protective ventilation (standard PEEP of 5 cmH2O and conventional postoperative oxygen therapy) in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery with clinical signs of lung collapse. Patients will be randomised to open-label parallel groups. The primary outcome is any severe PPC during the first 7 postoperative days, including: acute respiratory failure, pneumothorax, weaning failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pulmonary infection. The estimated sample size is 732 patients (366 per group). The final sample size will be readjusted during the interim analysis. DISCUSSION: The Individualized Perioperative Open-lung Ventilatory Strategy in emergency abdominal laparotomy (iPROVE-EAL) is the first multicentre, randomized, controlled trial to investigate whether an individualized perioperative approach prevents PPCs in patients undergoing emergency surgery.

Association between COVID-19 and increased incidence of overactive bladder symptoms in female patients: A retrospective analysis.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate female patients' post-COVID-19 voiding symptoms and to research how they relate to overactive bladder (OAB). PATIENTS: One hundred and forty patients aged 20-50 years who were hospitalised and discharged due to COVID-19 at Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital between 2021 and 2022 and 50 patients with a history of COVID-19 among two hundred female patients who presented to the urology outpatient clinic with symptoms related to OAB were retrospectively analysed. Bladder diary, overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), uroflowmetry values and time of onset of symptoms of symptomatic patients were recorded for all patients. Disease-free individuals for control purposes were not included in the study. RESULTS: It was observed that 38% of 140 hospitalized patients had a symptomatic change related to OAB, and there was a significant difference in voiding diary, OABSS, and uroflowmetry Qmax values between symptomatic and non-symptomatic patients after COVID-19. (p:0.001) There was a significant difference between the pre-COVID-19 (estimated) and post-COVID-19 (current) voiding diary and OABSS values of all symptomatic patients (with and without a history of hospitalization). (p:0.001) When these two groups were compared with each other, there was a significant difference between the post-COVID-19 voiding diary, OABSS values, and the meantime to the onset of symptoms in inpatients and outpatients (p:0.001) CONCLUSION: COVID-19 may be associated with urgency/urge incontinence and overactive bladder in female patients.

Evolución de la bronquiolitis en los servicios de urgencias extrahospitalarias de la Comunidad de Madrid: estudio observacional 2016-2023 / Bronchiolitis trends in out-of-hospital urgent care services in the Community of Madrid: Observational study, 2016-2023

Introducción: La bronquiolitis se convierte en todo un reto durante su pico estacional, desbordando los recursos materiales y humanos para poder atender los pacientes afectados. A consecuencia de ello, se multiplican exponencialmente los traslados interhospitalarios. No se han encontrado estudios que hayan analizado las características de los pacientes con bronquiolitis aguda (BA) en los servicios de urgencias extrahospitalarios (SUEH) y la influencia de la pandemia en su epidemiología. Objetivo: Conocer las características de los pacientes pediátricos y neonatales con bronquiolitis en los SUEH de la Comunidad de Madrid y analizar la influencia de la pandemia por COVID-19 en su epidemiología. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo realizado en los SUEH de la Comunidad de Madrid entre 2016 y 2023. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de BA según CIE-10 en las historias clínicas de las asistencias y traslados interhospitalarios. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y de tratamiento (ventilatorio y farmacológico). Resultados: Se incluyeron 630 pacientes con BA: 343 atendidos por los SUEH no especializados en neonatología (no-neo) y 287 por el equipo de transporte neonatal (TN). La mediana de edad fue de 3,7meses [2,8-4,7] en SUEH no-neo y de 19días [14,2-23,7] en TN. Hubo un aumento de la edad estadísticamente significativo en la temporada 2020/2021 en el grupo de SUEH no-neo. La escala de gravedad fue estadísticamente mayor en el grupo de TN. Hubo un pico inusual de casos de bronquiolitis en junio de 2021, coincidiendo con el fin de la 4.ª ola de COVID-19. La incidencia de bronquiolitis, tras la 6.ª ola de pandemia, fue la mayor de todas las temporadas (13,5 casos por cada 10.000 niños ≤2años)...(AU)

Introduction: Bronchiolitis poses a considerable challenge during its seasonal peak, overwhelming the material and human resources available to care for affected patients. As a result, interhospital transfers increase exponentially. We did not find any studies analysing the characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis managed in out-of-hospital urgent care (OHUC) services and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. Objective: To establish the characteristics of paediatric and neonatal patients with acute bronchiolitis (AB) managed in OHUC services in the Community of Madrid and to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional observational and descriptive study carried out in OHUC settings in the Community of Madrid between 2016 and 2023. We included patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis based on the ICD-10 codes documented in the electronic records of urgent care visits and interhospital transports. We collected data on sociodemographic, clinical and treatment (ventilation and medication) variables. Results: The sample included 630 patients with AB: 343 managed in non-neonatal OHUC (non-neo) services and 287 by the mobile neonatal intensive care unit transport team (NTT). The median age was 3.7months (IQR: 2.8-4.7) in patients in the non-neo OHUC group and 19days (IQR: 14.2-23.7) in the NTT group. There was a statistically significant increase in age in the 2020/2021 season in the non-neo OHUC group. The severity score was significantly higher in the NTT group. There was an unusual peak in bronchiolitis cases in June 2021, coinciding with the end of the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of bronchiolitis was highest after the sixth wave of the pandemic (13.5 cases per 10,000 children aged <2years)...(AU)

Emergency department clinicians' views on implementing psychosocial care following acute paediatric injury: a qualitative study.

Introduction: The early post-trauma period is a key time to provide psychological support to acutely injured children. This is often when they present to emergency departments (EDs) with their families. However, there is limited understanding of the feasibility of implementing psychological support for children and their families in EDs. The aim of this study was to explore UK and Irish ED clinicians' perspectives on developing and implementing psychosocial care which educates families on their children's post-trauma psychological recovery.Methods: Semi-structured individual and group interviews were conducted with 24 UK and Irish ED clinicians recruited via a paediatric emergency research network.Results: Clinicians expressed that there is value in offering psychological support for injured children and their families; however, there are barriers which can prevent this from being effectively implemented. Namely, the prioritisation of physical health, time constraints, understaffing, and a lack of training. Therefore, a potential intervention would need to be brief and accessible, and all staff should be empowered to deliver it to all families.Conclusion: Overall, participants' views are consistent with trauma-informed approaches where a psychosocial intervention should be able to be implemented into the existing ED system and culture. These findings can inform implementation strategies and intervention development to facilitate the development and delivery of an accessible digital intervention for acutely injured children and their families.

The emergency department provides an opportunity for early trauma-informed care for acutely injured children and their families.Addressing psychological distress in emergency care for acutely injured children and their families should adopt a universal trauma-informed approach.The development of a paediatric trauma-informed intervention should consider barriers which can impact implementation into emergency care. Particular barriers highlighted by clinicians include staff shortages, time constraints, and high caseloads.

Reflexiones para optimizar el triaje en cirugía / Reflections to optimize triage in surgery

Introducción: La categorización de las urgencias quirúrgicas es una necesidad en razón al continuo desequilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda de servicios quirúrgicos en la mayoría de las instituciones donde se encuentra habilitada la prestación del servicio. Hay abordajes en el tema, con estrategias de priorización de los casos quirúrgicos, que consideran escalas y flujogramas, pero su ausente validez externa y las particularidades de las instituciones y aseguradores, han limitado una generalización de los resultados. Métodos: Se efectúa una conceptualización del triaje de las urgencias quirúrgicas con planteamientos críticos y reflexivos soportados en la evidencia. Se identifican, asimismo, las posibles oportunidades para la investigación. Discusión: Los beneficios potenciales de un triaje quirúrgico en situaciones de urgencia, son extensivos a todos los actores del sistema de salud, disminuyen la posibilidad de desenlaces y repercusiones económicas negativas para las instituciones y los aseguradores. La teoría de las colas ofrece el soporte para un entendimiento del tema y contribuye en las soluciones. Su adopción es escasa como parte de una estrategia local de priorización quirúrgica en un contexto de urgencia. Conclusión:La creación de estrategias que establezcan el triaje para el paciente con una urgencia quirúrgica están influenciadas por la participación continua y efectiva de los actores involucrados en el proceso y en su impacto en los desenlaces clínicos

Introduction: Categorizing surgical emergencies is necessary due to the continued imbalance between the supply and demand of surgical services in most institutions where the service is enabled. There are approaches to the subject, with strategies for prioritizing surgical cases, which consider scales and flowcharts, but their lack of external validity and the particularities of the institutions and insurers have limited the generalization of the results. Methods: A conceptualization of the triage of surgical emergencies is carried out with critical and reflective approaches supported by evidence. Potential research opportunities are also identified. Discussion: The potential benefits of surgical triage in emergent situations are extensive to all health system actors, reducing the possibility of adverse outcomes and economic repercussions for institutions and insurers. Queuing theory offers support for understanding the issue and contributes to solutions. However, its adoption is scarce in an emergency as part of a local surgical prioritization strategy. Conclusion: The creation of strategies that establish triage for the patient with a surgical emergency is influenced by the continuous and effective participation of the actors involved in the process and its impact on clinical outcomes

Comunicação eficaz na transição de cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica, no serviço de urgência ­ implementação da metodologia ISBAR / Effective communication in the transition of nursing care to the critically ill person in the emergency department - implementation of the ISBAR methodology

A segurança dos doentes nos serviços de saúde, foi sempre uma preocupação dos gestores em saúde. Um dos aspetos que a pode comprometer, é a transferência de cuidados do doente entre os profissionais responsáveis por ele. Seja nas passagens de turno, ou transferências intra e inter-hospitalares. É essencial que seja estabelecida uma comunicação eficaz, de modo a assegurar a fluidez de assunção de cuidados e responsabilidades. Estes pressupostos evitam a ocorrência de efeitos adversos, de eventuais atrasos no diagnóstico e tratamentos, que podem dar origem a atrasos no restabelecimento da pessoa em situação crítica. Objetivos: Conhecer a perceção dos enfermeiros do Serviço de Urgência (SU), relativamente à informação transmitida durante as passagens de turno. Tornar mais eficaz a comunicação interpares, e garantir, como consequência, a segurança e a melhoria dos cuidados de enfermagem, nos momentos de transição de doentes, no SU. Metodologia: Trabalho realizado com base na metodologia investigação-ação, dividido em três processos metodológicos parcelares e consecutivos. Primeiramente, foi aplicado um questionário, a 59 enfermeiros em SU, com prestação direta de cuidados à pessoa em situação crítica. No segundo momento, foi realizado um diagnóstico de situação com a aplicação do Guia de Observação, durante os momentos de passagem de turno. No terceiro momento, após a análise dos resultados emergentes do Guia de Observação, foi criado, e implementado, o instrumento estruturado para aplicar nas passagens de turno, baseado na metodologia Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment e Recommendation (ISBAR), e aplicado novamente o Guia de Observação, para estudo de eficácia e/ou eficiência trazida por este instrumento. Resultados: A perceção dos enfermeiros sobre a comunicação durante as passagens de turno é favorável em relação à maioria dos aspetos abordados. Estes valorizaram a comunicação no contexto da equipa multidisciplinar, e aspetos relacionados com a importância da formação e da experiência profissional com a qualidade da comunicação. A perceção favorável do enfermeiro traduz-se no elevado nível de situações significativas (70 a 90%) que cerca de 80% enfermeiros reportam conseguir transmitir durante a passagem de turno. 36% dos participantes apontam a necessidade de melhorias, 65% relacionadas com a organização do processo de transição de cuidados e 45% com o problema das interrupções. Após a implementação da metodologia ISBAR nas passagens de turno, houve uma melhoria em vários aspetos, como se depreende da percentagem média de conformidade ser cerca de 69%, tendo melhorado cerca de 48%. O tempo de transmissão de informação aumentou, em média, 0,4 minutos por doente. Conclusão: Os resultados do presente trabalho apontam uma perspetiva favorável da perceção dos enfermeiros sobre a comunicação durante a passagem de turno, ainda que alguns aspetos tenham margem para melhoria, relacionados com a objetividade e pertinência da informação, e com a necessidade de ter um contexto calmo que favoreça a concentração, logo sem interrupções. Este contexto é, por sua vez, facilitador da mudança, como se veio a verificar ao comparar a qualidade da passagem de turno antes e depois de implementar a metodologia ISBAR, a certificação das melhorias demonstra o interesse e eficácia da sua utilização.

Patient safety in health services has always been a concern of health managers. One of the aspects that can compromise it is the transfer of the patient's care between the professionals responsible for it. Be it in handovers, or intra and inter-hospital transfers. It is essential that effective communication is established to ensure the fluidity of the assumption of care and responsibilities. These assumptions prevent the occurrence of adverse effects, possible delays in diagnosis and treatment, which can lead to delays in the recovery of the person in critical condition. Objectives: To know the nurses' perception in the Emergency Department (ED) regarding the information transmitted during handover. To make peer-to-peer communication more effective, and to ensure, consequently, the safety and improvement of nursing care, in moments of patient transition, in the ED. Methodology: This work was carried out based on the research-action methodology, divided into three partial and consecutive methodological processes. First, a questionnaire was applied to 59 nurses in the ED, with direct care provided to the critically ill person. In the second moment, a diagnosis of the situation was carried out with the application of the Observation Guide, during handovers. In the third moment, after the analysis of the results emerging from the Observation Guide, a structured instrument was created and implemented to be applied in handover, based on the Identify, Situation, Background, Assessment and Recommendation (ISBAR) methodology, and the Observation Guide was applied again to study the effectiveness and/or efficiency brought by this instrument. Results: Nurses' perception of communication during handover is favorable in relation to most of the aspects addressed. They valued communication in the context of the multidisciplinary team, and aspects related to the importance of training and professional experience with the quality of communication. The favorable nurses' perception translates into the high level of significant situations (70 to 90%) that about 80% of nurses report being able to transmit during handover. 36% of the participants point to the need for improvements, 65% related to the organization of the care transition process and 45% to the problem of interruptions. After the implementation of the ISBAR methodology in handovers, there was an improvement in several aspects, as can be seen from the average percentage of compliance being about 69%, having improved about 48%. The information transmission time increased by an average of 0.4 minutes per patient. Conclusion: The results of the present study point to a favorable perspective of nurses' perception of communication during handover, although some aspects have room for improvement, related to the objectivity and relevance of the information, and to the need to have a calm context that favors concentration, thus without interruptions. This context is a facilitator of change, as it turned out when comparing the quality of handovers before and after implementing the ISBAR methodology, the certification of improvements demonstrates the interest and effectiveness of its use.

Análise da via verde trauma de um serviço de urgência do norte de Portugal / Analysing the trauma green lane in an emergency department in northern Portugal

O trauma é lesão no organismo que pode estar associado à morte ou a incapacidades temporárias ou permanentes de extensão variável. O seu prognóstico depende da celeridade de cuidados de saúde adequados. Os sistemas de saúde têm organizados redes estruturadas de emergência para atender a essas situações, sendo em Portugal operacionalizada por diretrizes produzidas pela Direção Geral de Saúde, a Via Verde Trauma (VVT). Objetivos: Descrever os resultados da implementação do protocolo da Via Verde Trauma num Serviço de Urgência Geral de um centro hospitalar da região norte de Portugal, no período de janeiro de 2021 a agosto de 2022 e analisar a mortalidade dos doentes inseridos em Via Verde Trauma. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico. A população do estudo são todos os doentes inseridos em VVT num SU centro hospitalar da região norte de Portugal, com registos na base de dados de VVT, obtendo-se assim uma amostra de 204 participantes. Foi construída uma grelha para onde foi transposta a informação sobre sexo e idade da vítima, prioridade estabelecida pelo sistema de triagem de Manchester, tempo de permanência na SE, tipo de trauma e segmento afetado, critérios de ativação da VVT e causa subjacente ao trauma, destino do doente após os cuidados na SE, altas e óbitos. O estudo obteve o parecer favorável da comissão de ética. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída maioritariamente por vítimas do sexo masculino (75,0 %), com mais de 60 anos 41,7% e triados cor laranja 93,6%. O nível de consciência foi o critério absoluto que determinou a ativação da VVT (19,1%), mais frequente e a queda de uma altura superior a três metros (19,6%) foi o critério relativo mais frequente. A principal causa de ativação foram os acidentes de viação (55,4%), seguido das quedas (24,5%). O trauma fechado representou a esmagadora maioria (97,2%) dos traumas registados, que afetaram principalmente o segmento cranioencefálico (46,6%), seguido das extremidades e do torácico. Tiveram como destino outra valência do SU (72%). A taxa de mortalidade foi de 1,47% ocorreram na SE eram homens, com mais de 60 anos e triados com cor vermelha, com traumatismo cranioencefálico fechado e com tempo em emergência superior a uma hora. Não se verificou associação da mortalidade com as restantes variáveis. Conclusão: A VVT foi ativada maioritariamente em casos envolvendo o sexo masculino e pessoas mais velhas. O trauma é maioritariamente desencadeado por acidentes de viação e quedas, e resulta em traumas fechados, maioritariamente traumatismo cranioencefálico, das extremidades e torácicos. A mortalidade dos doentes inseridos na VVT foi reduzida, com três óbitos em 204 casos, associado a traumatismo cranioencefálico em vítimas com idade superior a 60 anos, dois do sexo masculino e uma do sexo feminino.

Trauma is injury to the body that can be associated with death or temporary or permanent disabilities of varying extent. Prognosis depends on the time of adequate healthcare. Health systems have organized structured emergency networks to respond to these situations, which in Portugal are operationalized by guidelines produced by the General Directorate of Health, Trauma Green Lane (TGL) [Via Verde Trauma]. Objectives: Objectives: To describe the results of the implementation of the Trauma Green Lane protocol in an Emergency Department of a hospital center in the northern region of Portugal, from January 2021 to August 2022 and analyze the mortality of patients included in Trauma Network protocol. Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study. The study population was all patients undergoing TGL in a hospital center in the north of Portugal, with records in the TGL database, thus obtaining a sample of 204 participants. The information was transposed to a database on the victim's sex and age, priority established by the Manchester triage system, length of stay in the ED, type of trauma and affected segment, TGL activation criteria and underlying cause of the trauma, destination of the patient after care in the ED, discharges and deaths. The study obtained a favorable opinion from the ethics committee. Results: The sample was predominantly composed of male victims (75.0%), 41.7% were over 60 years old and 93.6% were screened orange. The level of consciousness was the absolute criterion that determined the activation of the TGL (19.1%). The main cause of activation was car accidents (55.4%), followed by falls (24.5%). Blunt trauma represented the majority (97.2%) of recorded traumas, which mainly affected the cranioencephalic segment (46.6%), followed by the extremities and the thoracic segment. Victims were transferred mainly to another part of the ED (72%). The mortality rate was 1.47%, they occurred in the ED and were men, over 60 years old and screened as red, with closed head trauma and time spent in the emergency room for more than one hour. There was no association between mortality and the remaining variables. Conclusion: Trauma Green Lane was predominantly activated in cases involving male individuals and older people. Trauma was mostly triggered by car accidents and falls, and results in blunt trauma, mostly to the head, extremities and chest. The mortality of patients inserted into the Trauma Network was reduced, with three deaths in 204 cases, associated with traumatic brain injury in victims aged over 60, two were male, and one was female.

Via verde sépsis no serviço de urgência de uma unidade local de saúde do norte do país entre 2018 e 2022 / Green route for sepsis in the emergency department of a local health unit in the north of the country between 2018 and 2022

A sépsis e o choque séptico são problemas de saúde importantes, que afetam milhões de pessoas todos os anos, em todo mundo. Uma entre cada cinco pessoas infetadas morre. A identificação precoce e o tratamento adequado nas primeiras horas, após o desenvolvimento da sépsis, melhoram os resultados, sendo a Via Verde Sépsis uma resposta. Objetivos: Analisar os resultados da implementação do protocolo Via Verde Sépsis no Serviço de Urgência de Uma Unidade Local de Saúde do Norte do País, entre 2018 e 2022. Como objetivos específicos, delinearam-se os seguintes: Traçar um perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos utentes admitidos em Via Verde Sépsis; Verificar o tratamento dos utentes admitidos em Via Verde Sépsis e os tempos alvo; Averiguar a associação entre a mortalidade e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas; Relacionar a mortalidade e a ordem das médias dos tempos alvo de admissão-triagem, triagem- observação médica, observação médica-lactatos e dias de internamento. Métodos: Estudo observacional de natureza quantitativa, descritivo-correlacional e analítico com enfoque transversal e retrospetivo, com recolha de dados clínicos para analisar os resultados da implementação do protocolo Via Verde Sépsis no Serviço de Urgência de Uma Unidade Local do Norte do País, entre 2018 e 2022. A amostra ficou constituída por 316 utentes. Os dados foram recolhidos a partir de uma grelha elaborada had hoc. O estudo obteve parecer favorável da Comissão de Ética. Resultados: Registou-se um total de 316 utentes, correspondendo a 50,9% de homens e 40,1% de mulheres, com uma média de idade de 58,33±21,13 anos. Os anos com uma percentagem mais expressiva de utentes admitidos em Via Verde Sépsis foram 2019 (41,1%) e 2018 (37,0%). Na maioria, durante o turno de trabalho da tarde (51,3%), triados com prioridade "Amarela" (52,2%). Destacou-se o ponto de partida respiratório (54,1%). Em relação à primeira linha de antibióticos utilizada, prevaleceu o Ceftriaxone (55,1%), como antibióticos de segunda linha, destacou-se a Claritromicina, com 11,1%, sendo 13,0% homens. Prevaleceram os utentes cujo destino foi a alta clínica (39,2%) e o internamento no Serviço de Medicina (38,9%). A ativação da Via Verde Sépsis, ocorreu em quase todos os utentes aquando da triagem (93,7%). Foi reduzida a taxa de utentes que faleceram (2,5%) N=8, entre os quais, 4 (50,0%) eram homens e 4 (50,0%) mulheres, com 5 (62,5%) na faixa etária dos 56-75 anos e 3 (37,5%) com idade superior aos 75 anos, 6 (75%) foram triados com prioridade laranja e 2 (25,0%) com prioridade amarela. Conclusão: A triagem exata, o reconhecimento rápido, a reanimação precoce, a administração precoce de antibióticos e a erradicação da fonte de infeção são os componentes fundamentais para a prestação de cuidados de qualidade em caso de sépsis. Como tal, é fundamental aumentar a ativação do protocolo da Via Verde Sépsis para que ocorra uma redução da mortalidade.

Sepsis and septic shock are important health problems that affect millions of people every year around the world. One in five infected people dies. Early identification and appropriate treatment in the first hours after sepsis develops improves results, with Via Verde Sépsis being an answer. Objectives: To analyze the results of the implementation of the Via Verde Sépsis protocol in the Emergency Department of a Local Health Unit of the North of the Country, between 2018 and 2022. The specific objectives were as follows: To draw up a sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients admitted to Via Verde Sepsis; To verify the treatment of patients admitted to Via Verde Sepsis and the target times; To ascertain the association between mortality and sociodemographic variables; To relate mortality and the order of the mean target times for admission - triage, triage - medical observation, medical observation - lactate clarification and hospitalization days. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive-correlational and analytical observational study with a cross-sectional and retrospective approach, collecting clinical data to analyze the results of the implementation of the Via Verde Sepsis protocol in the Emergency Department of a Local Health Unit of the North of the Country, between 2018 and 2022. The sample consisted of 316 patients. The data was collected using a had hoc grid. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: A total of 316 users were registered, corresponding to 50.9% men and 40.1% women, with an average age of 58.33±21.13 years. The years with the highest percentage of patients admitted to Via Verde Sepsis were 2019 (41.1%) and 2018 (37.0%). The majority were admitted during the afternoon work shift (51.3%) and triaged with "Yellow" priority (52.2%). The respiratory starting point stood out (54.1%). The first line of antibiotics used was Ceftriaxone (55.1%) and the second line of antibiotics was Clarithromycin (11.1%), of which 13.0% were men. The majority of patients were discharged from hospital (39.2%) and admitted to the Medical Service (38.9%). Almost all patients had their Via Verde Sépsis activated during triage (93.7%). There was a low rate of patients who died (2,5%) N=8, of whom 4 (50,0%) were men and 4 (50,0%) women, with 5 (62,5%) in the 56-75 age group and 3 (37,5%) aged over 75, 6 were triaged with orange priority and 2 (25,0%)with yellow priority. Conclusion: Accurate triage, rapid recognition, early resuscitation, early administration of antibiotics and eradication of the source of infection are the key components in providing quality care in the event of sepsis. It is therefore essential to increase the activation of the Via Verde Sépsis protocol in order to reduce mortality.

Análise das vivências de enfermeiros de urgência no controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica / Analysing the experiences of emergency nurses in managing the pain of people in critical condition

O controlo da dor abarca todas as intervenções destinadas à sua prevenção e tratamento. Sempre que o enfermeiro preveja a ocorrência de dor ou avalie a sua presença, deve intervir na promoção de cuidados que a aliviem ou reduzam para níveis considerados toleráveis pela pessoa, gerindo ações farmacológicas e não-farmacológicas, para garantir o bem-estar físico, psicossocial e espiritual do indivíduo. Objetivo: Identificar as principais intervenções, sentimentos e limitações vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros de urgência de uma ilha de Cabo Verde, no que concerne ao controlo da dor da pessoa em situação crítica. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo com enfoque fenomenológico, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, numa amostra de 6 enfermeiros de um Banco de Urgência de uma ilha de Cabo Verde. Foram realizadas entrevistas por videochamada, conforme a disponibilidade dos participantes, recorrendo-se a um guião de entrevista semiestruturada, com 8 questões, sendo feita análise de conteúdo. Resultado: Os enfermeiros da amostra relataram um leque de sentimentos, uns negativos e outros positivos, relativamente às necessidades de intervenções para controlo da dor nos doentes críticos. Como negativos obtiveram-se: ansiedade, stress, desanimo, impotência, angustia, esgotamento físico, entre outros. Os sentimentos positivos percecionados foram a empatia, comunicação e humanismo. Verbalizaram utilizar medidas de enfermagem interdependentes e autónomas, para controlo da dor dos doentes críticos no SU. Todos recorrem às medidas farmacológicas, segundo prescrição médica. Foram reconhecidas algumas intervenções não farmacológicas, voltadas para a promoção do conforto, tais como adequação do posicionamento, aplicação de calor e frio e massagens. Das principais limitações apontadas surgiram como subcategorias: Défice ou falta de formação no controlo da dor e Carência de recursos humanos. Conclusão: O estudo revelou uma gama complexa de sentimentos nos enfermeiros de urgência da amostra, destacando alguns desafios emocionais e algumas estratégias farmacológicas e não farmacológicas no controle da dor em pacientes críticos. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de abordagens abrangentes que promovam tanto o bem-estar emocional dos enfermeiros quanto ao aprimoramento das práticas no controlo da dor em ambientes de urgência. Para tal, urge reverter a escassez de recursos humanos, bem como promover a formação específica destes enfermeiros na gestão da dor.

Pain control encompasses all interventions aimed at its prevention and treatment. Whenever the nurse predicts the occurrence of pain or assesses its presence, he or she must intervene to promote care that alleviates it or reduces it to levels considered tolerable by the person, managing pharmacological and non-pharmacological actions, to ensure physical and psychosocial well-being. and spirituality of the individual. Objective: To identify the main interventions, feelings and limitations experienced by emergency nurses on an island in Cape Verde, with regard to controlling the pain of people in critical situations. Methodology: A qualitative study was developed with a phenomenological focus, of an exploratory and descriptive nature, on a sample of 6 nurses from an Emergency Bank on an island in Cape Verde. Interviews were carried out via video call, depending on the participants' availability, using a semi-structured interview guide, with 8 questions, and content analysis was carried out. Result: The nurses in the sample reported a range of feelings, some negative and others positive, regarding the need for interventions to control pain in critically ill patients. The following were negative: anxiety, stress, discouragement, impotence, anguish, physical exhaustion, among others. The positive feelings perceived were empathy, communication and humanism. They verbalized the use of interdependent and autonomous nursing measures to control the pain of critically ill patients in the ED. Everyone resorts to pharmacological measures, according to medical prescription. Some non- pharmacological interventions were recognized, aimed at promoting comfort, such as adjusting positioning, applying heat and cold and massages. Of the main limitations highlighted, the following subcategories emerged: Deficit or lack of training in pain control and Lack of human resources. Conclusion: The study revealed a complex range of feelings in the emergency nurses in the sample, highlighting some emotional challenges and some pharmacological and non- pharmacological strategies in controlling pain in critically ill patients. The results point to the need for comprehensive approaches that promote both the emotional well-being of nurses and the improvement of pain control practices in emergency environments. To this end, there is an urgent need to reverse the shortage of human resources, as well as promote the specific training of these nurses in pain management.

[Evolution of the perception of the safety culture of healthcare professionals in a pediatric emergency department]. / Evolución de la percepción de la cultura de seguridad de los profesionales sanitarios en una urgencia pediátrica.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Safety culture (SC) is a fundamental tool for minimizing adverse events and improving safety and quality of care. Our objective, therefore was to analyze the evolution of the SC of healthcare professionals in a pediatric emergency department (PED) after the implementation of a risk management system for patient safety based on the UNE:EN:ISO 179003 Standard and the execution of new safe practices for Joint Commission International accreditation. At the same time describe the current strengths and weaknesses. METHODS: Quasi-experimental, single-center study. All PED professionals participated in the study. An initial measurement of SC was performed through the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) questionnaire of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality adapted to Spanish in 2014. Pro-patient safety strategies were implemented between 2015 and 2022. A subsequent measurement was performed in 2022. RESULTS: The response rate in 2014 was 55% and 78% in 2022. On both occasions the group with the highest participation was nurses with 35.1% and 34.8%, respectively. Five dimensions improved after the interventions: frequency of adverse events (25.2%, p<0.001), organizational learning (25%, p<0.001), feedback and communication about errors (22.3%, p<0.001), non-punitive response to errors (6.5%, p = 0.176), and management support (4%, p = 0.333). CONCLUSIONS: The actions carried out had a positive influence on organizational learning and the frequency of adverse events reported and communication within the team. In contrast, the perception of SC did not increase.

Bronchiolitis trends in out-of-hospital urgent care services in the Community of Madrid: Observational study, 2016-2023.

INTRODUCTION: Bronchiolitis poses a considerable challenge during its seasonal peak, overwhelming the material and human resources available to care for affected patients. As a result, interhospital transfers increase exponentially. We did not find any studies analysing the characteristics of patients with bronchiolitis managed in out-of-hospital urgent care (OHUC) services and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. OBJECTIVE: To establish the characteristics of paediatric and neonatal patients with acute bronchiolitis (AB) managed in OHUC services in the Community of Madrid and to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology of bronchiolitis. METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional observational and descriptive study carried out in OHUC settings in the Community of Madrid between 2016 and 2023. We included patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis based on the ICD-10 codes documented in the electronic records of urgent care visits and interhospital transports. We collected data on sociodemographic, clinical and treatment (ventilation and medication) variables. RESULTS: The sample included 630 patients with AB: 343 managed in non-neonatal OHUC (non-neo) services and 287 by the mobile neonatal intensive care unit transport team (NTT). The median age was 3.7 months (IQR, 2.8-4.7) in patients in the non-neo OHUC group and 19 days (IQR, 14.2-23.7) in the NTT group. There was a statistically significant increase in age in the 2020/2021 season in the non-neo OHUC group. The severity score was significantly higher in the NTT group. There was an unusual peak in bronchiolitis cases in June 2021, coinciding with the end of the 4th wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The incidence of bronchiolitis was highest after the 6th wave of the pandemic (13.5 cases per 10 000 children aged < 2 years). CONCLUSIONS: The median age of paediatric patients with AB managed in OHUC services increased following the end of the lockdown imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which was probably associated with the lack of exposure to the viruses that cause it. This also may explain why the incidence of bronchiolitis was highest in the season following the 6th wave of the pandemic. The severity score was higher in neonatal patients. Epidemiological surveillance, the introduction of protocols and the implementation of an ongoing training programme for non-specialized health care staff involved in the transport of these patients could improve their management.

Contribuições dos aplicativos móveis para o atendimento pré-hospitalar: revisão integrativa / Contribuciones de las aplicaciones móviles para la atención prehospitalaria: revisión integradora / Contributions of mobile applications to pre-hospital care: integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as contribuições científicas dos aplicativos móveis desenvolvidos para o atendimento pré-hospitalar. Métodos Estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura; as bases de dados usadas foram Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO, Embase, Lilacs, BDENF, Medline/PubMed, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; (período de 2017-2022), incluindo todas as categorias de artigo, (com resumo e textos completos, disponíveis com acesso gratuito) nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol, contendo as palavras-chave "Assistência Pré-Hospitalar", "Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar", "Serviços Pré-Hospitalares", "Atendimento de Emergência Pré-Hospitalar", "Enfermagem", "Aplicativos móveis", "Aplicativos de Software Portáteis", "Apps Móveis", nos títulos e/ou resumos. Dois pesquisadores aplicaram os critérios de elegibilidade dos estudos e coletaram os dados a partir do instrumento elaborado previamente. Resultados De um total de 944 estudos, 07 foram selecionados para avaliação. Os aplicativos móveis desenvolvidos para a área de atendimento pré-hospitalar são ferramentas tecnológicas que contribuíram para a triagem, primeiros socorros pediátricos, segurança do paciente, preparação de medicações durante parada cardíaca, qualidade da ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, comunicação entre equipe de emergência e registro eletrônico de enfermagem. Conclusão Os estudos apontaram as potencialidades referentes à utilização dos aplicativos móveis no atendimento pré-hospitalar, contribuindo especialmente para melhoria da segurança dos pacientes e a qualidade do cuidado prestado nas situações de urgência e emergência pré-hospitalar. A otimização do tempo de assistência e do diagnóstico precoce foram também mostrados como contribuições dos aplicativos na assistência, além de alertar para os detalhes que podem passar despercebidos.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar las contribuciones científicas de las aplicaciones móviles para la atención prehospitalaria. Métodos Estudio de revisión integradora de la literatura. Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO, Embase, Lilacs, BDENF, Medline/PubMed, Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações y ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global (período de 2017-2022). Se incluyeron todas las categorías de artículos, con resumen y texto completo, disponibles con acceso gratuito, en los idiomas portugués, inglés o español, que contuvieran las palabras clave "Asistencia Prehospitalaria", "Atención Prehospitalaria", "Servicios Prehospitalarios", "Atención de Emergencia Prehospitalaria", "Enfermería", "Aplicaciones Móviles", "Aplicaciones de Software Portátiles", "Apps Móviles", en el título o resumen. Dos investigadores aplicaron los criterios de elegibilidad de los estudios y recopilaron los datos a partir de un instrumento elaborado previamente. Resultados De un total de 944 estudios, se seleccionaron siete para evaluación. Las aplicaciones móviles desarrolladas para el área de atención prehospitalaria son herramientas tecnológicas que contribuyeron para la clasificación, los primeros auxilios pediátricos, la seguridad del paciente, la preparación de medicaciones durante paro cardíaco, la calidad de la reanimación cardiopulmonar, la comunicación entre los equipos de emergencia y el registro electrónico de enfermería. Conclusión Los estudios señalaron el potencial referente a la utilización de las aplicaciones móviles en la atención prehospitalaria, lo que contribuye especialmente a la mejora de la seguridad del paciente y a la calidad del cuidado ofrecido en las situaciones de urgencia y emergencia prehospitalaria. La optimización del tiempo de la atención y el diagnóstico temprano también demostraron ser contribuciones de las aplicaciones de asistencia, además de advertir detalles que pueden pasar desapercibidos.

Abstract Objective Analyze the scientific contribution of mobile applications developed for pre-hospital care. Methods Integrative literature review study; the databases used were the following: Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO, Embase, Lilacs, BDENF, Medline/PubMed, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global; (period 2017-2022), including all article categories (with abstract and full texts available with free access) in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, containing the keywords "Pre-Hospital Assistance", "Pre-Hospital Care", "Pre-Hospital Services", "Pre-Hospital Emergency Care", "Nursing", "Mobile applications", "Portable Software Applications", and "Mobile Apps" in titles and/or abstracts. Two researchers applied the eligibility criteria of the studies and collected data using a previously prepared instrument. Results From a total of 944 studies, seven were selected for evaluation. Mobile applications developed for the pre-hospital care area are technological tools that have contributed to triage, pediatric first aid, patient safety, preparation of medications during cardiac arrest, quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and communication between the emergency team and the electronic nursing record. Conclusions The studies highlighted the potential related to the use of mobile applications in pre-hospital care, contributing especially to improving patient safety and the quality of care provided in pre-hospital urgency and emergencies. The optimization of assistance and early diagnosis times was also shown as a contribution of applications to assistance, in addition to alerting to details that may be unnoticed.

Factors associated with external causes in elderly attended by the mobile emergency care service / Factores asociados a causas externas en ancianos atendidos por el servicio de atención móvil de urgencia / Fatores associados às causas externas em idosos atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with external causes in elderly people attended by the mobile emergency care service. Method: Cross-sectional study with 1,972 pre-hospital care records of elderly victims of external causes from 2019 to 2020. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05). Results: The prevalence of external causes in elderly people attended by the mobile emergency service was 12.2%. Falling was the most frequent occurrence. The associations of the occurrence of falls with age from 90 years old (OR=29.31; p<0.001) and female gender (OR=5.38; p<0.001) stood out, as well as the suspicion of ingestion of alcoholic beverages with occurrence of violence (OR=4.17; p<0.001) and traffic accidents (OR=1.97; p<0.001). Conclusion: The study showed factors associated with injuries due to external causes in theelderly and may support the formulation of coping strategies for this problem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a causas externas en ancianos atendidos por el servicio de atención móvil de urgencia. Método: Estudio transversal con 1.972 registros de atención pre hospitalaria de ancianos víctimas de causas externas en el período de 2019 a 2020.Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariado, con un nivel de significación del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: La prevalencia de causas externas en adultos mayores atendidos por el servicio de emergencia móvil fue de 12,2%. La caída fue la ocurrencia más frecuente. Se destacaron las asociaciones de la ocurrencia de caídas con la edad a partir de 90 años (OR=29,31; p<0,001) y el género femenino (OR=5,38; p<0,001), así como la sospecha de ingesta de bebidas alcohólicas con la ocurrencia de violencia (OR=4,17; p<0,001) y accidentes de tránsito (OR=1,97; p<0,001). Conclusión: El estudio mostró factores asociados a las lesiones por causas externas en ancianos y puede apoyar la formulación de estrategias de enfrentamiento de este problema.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados a causas externas em idosos atendidos pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência. Método: Estudo transversal com 1.972 fichas de atendimento pré-hospitalar de idosos vítimas de causas externas no período de 2019 a 2020. Realizou-se análise descritiva e bivariada, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A prevalência de causas externas em idosos atendidos pelo serviço móvel de urgência foi de 12,2%. A queda foi a ocorrência mais frequente. Destacaram-se as associações da ocorrência de queda com a idade a partir de 90 anos (OR=29,31; p<0,001) e o sexo feminino (OR=5,38; p<0,001), bem como da suspeita de ingestão de bebida alcoólica com a ocorrência de violência (OR=4,17; p<0,001) e acidentes de trânsito (OR=1,97; p<0,001). Conclusão: O estudo evidenciou fatores associados aos agravos por causas externas em idosos e poderá subsidiar formulação de estratégias de enfrentamento a essa problemática.

Avaliação da qualidade do sono em profissionais de saúde da emergência / Evaluación de la calidad del sueño en profesionales de la salud de emergencia / Sleep quality assessment in emergency health professionals

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade do sono de profissionais dos serviços de emergência e sua associação com o nível de fadiga e qualidade de vida. Métodos Estudo descritivo, transversal e correlacional, realizado nas unidades do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) e na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA), no ano de 2021, com 108 participantes. Para avaliação da qualidade do sono, foi utilizado o Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh versão Brasileira (PSQI-BR); para avaliação da Fadiga, foi utilizada a Escala de Fadiga de Chalder, em conjunto com a Escala de Necessidade de Descanso (ENEDE); e para avaliação da qualidade de vida, foi utilizado o World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref), sendo que os instrumentos utilizados foram adaptados para a língua portuguesa em estudos anteriores. Foram aplicados testes de associação para a análise estatística, tendo sido utilizados o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, o Teste U Mann-Whitney ou Kruskal Wallis e a correlação de Spearman. Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados como significativos. Resultados Foi identificado que 72,2% dos participantes apresentaram má qualidade do sono e 75,9% estavam fadigados. Foi observada associação significativa entre a qualidade do sono e a fadiga, a necessidade de descanso e a qualidade de vida. Conclusão Foi identificado que os profissionais de saúde que trabalham em serviço de urgência e emergência apresentam má qualidade do sono e de vida e níveis elevados de fadiga e necessidade de descanso, o que pode impactar diretamente suas atividades pessoais e profissionais.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la calidad del sueño de profesionales de los servicios de emergencia y su relación con el nivel de fatiga y calidad de vida. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional, realizado en las unidades del Servicio de Atención Móbil de Urgencia (SAMU) y en la Unidad de Pronta Atención (UPA), en el año 2021, con 108 participantes. Para evaluar la calidad del sueño, se utilizó el Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, versión brasileña (PSQI-BR). Para evaluar la fatiga, se utilizó la Escala de Fatiga de Chalder, junto con la Escala de Necesidad de Descanso (ENEDE). Para evaluar la calidad de vida, se utilizó el World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron adaptados al idioma portugués en estudios anteriores. Se aplicaron pruebas de asociación para el análisis estadístico, para lo cual se utilizó la Prueba χ2 de Pearson, la Prueba U de Mann-Whitney o la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis y la correlación de Spearman. Se consideraron valores de p<0,05 como significativos. Resultados Se identificó que el 72,2 % de los participantes presentó una mala calidad de sueño y el 75,9 % tenía fatiga. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la calidad del sueño y la fatiga, la necesidad de descanso y la calidad de vida. Conclusión Se identificó que los profesionales de la salud que trabajan en servicios de urgencia y emergencia presentaron mala calidad de sueño y de vida y niveles elevados de fatiga y necesidad de descanso, lo que puede impactar directamente en sus actividades personales y profesionales.

Abstract Objective To assess emergency service professionals' sleep quality and its association with the level of fatigue and quality of life. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study, carried out in the units of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) and in the Emergency Care Unit (ECU), in 2021, with 108 participants. To assess sleep quality, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Brazilian version (PSQI-BR), was used; to assess fatigue, the Chalder Fatigue Scale was used, together with the Need for Recovery Scale (NFR); and to assess quality of life, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-bref) was used, and the instruments used were adapted to Portuguese in previous studies. Association tests were applied for statistical analysis, using Pearson's chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal Wallis and Spearman's correlation. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results It was identified that 72.2% of participants had poor sleep quality and 75.9% were fatigued. A significant association was observed between sleep quality and fatigue, the need for recovery and quality of life. Conclusion It was identified that health professionals working in emergency services have poor sleep quality and life, and high levels of fatigue and need for recovery, which can directly impact their personal and professional activities.

Team climate and job satisfaction in a mobile emergency service: a multilevel study / Clima en equipo y satisfacción laboral en un servicio de atención móvil de urgencia: estudio multinivel / Clima em equipe e satisfação no trabalho em um serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência: estudo multinível

Objective: to investigate the relationship between team climate and job satisfaction among professionals working in mobile pre-hospital care. Method: this is a quantitative, correlational study carried out in a mobile pre-hospital care service in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region. The participants were 95 professionals, allocated to 40 teams, who answered three questionnaires: sociodemographic/labor data, Team Climate Scale and S20/23 Job Satisfaction Scale. Descriptive statistics and multilevel linear models were used for the analysis, including moderation effects. The Backward method was used to ascertain the order of significance. Results: in the models, the relationships between satisfaction with hierarchical relationships and the factor "support for new ideas" moderated for men and "task orientation" for women were significant. For satisfaction with the physical environment, "working hours" and "participation in the team" were significant and, for intrinsic satisfaction, the regime, working hours and the factors "team objectives", "participation in the team" and "support for new ideas" remained significant, as did the moderation effect between length of service, "participation in the team" and "support for new ideas". Conclusion: team climate is influenced by job satisfaction in a heterogeneous way and the moderating effect of this relationship is associated with gender and length of service.

Objetivo: examinar la relación entre el clima en equipo y la satisfacción laboral de los profesionales que trabajan en servicios de atención prehospitalaria móvil. Método: estudio cuantitativo y correlacional realizado en un servicio de atención prehospitalaria móvil en la Región Metropolitana de São Paulo. Participaron 95 profesionales, distribuidos en 40 equipos, que respondieron a tres cuestionarios: datos sociodemográficos/laborales, Escalas de Clima en Equipo y de Satisfacción Laboral S20/23. Para el análisis, se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y modelos lineales multiniveles, incluyendo efectos de moderación. Se empleó el método Backward para determinar el orden de significancia. Resultados: en los modelos, fueron significativas las relaciones entre la satisfacción con las relaciones jerárquicas y el factor "apoyo para nuevas ideas" moderado por el género masculino y "orientación hacia las tareas" en mujeres. Para la satisfacción con el ambiente físico, fueron significativos "jornada laboral" y "participación en el equipo", y para la satisfacción intrínseca, se mantuvieron significativos el régimen, la jornada y los factores "objetivos del equipo", "participación en el equipo" y "apoyo para ideas nuevas", y el efecto de moderación entre el tiempo de actuación, "participación en el equipo" y "apoyo para ideas nuevas". Conclusión: el clima en equipo es influenciado por la satisfacción laboral de manera heterogénea y el efecto moderador de esta relación se asocia con el género y el tiempo de actuación en el servicio.

Objetivo: examinar a relação entre clima em equipe e satisfação no trabalho de profissionais atuantes em atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel. Método: estudo quantitativo, correlacional, realizado em um serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Participaram 95 profissionais, alocados em 40 equipes, os quais responderam a três questionários: dados sociodemográficos/laborais, Escalas de Clima na Equipe e de Satisfação no Trabalho S20/23. Para a análise, foram usados a estatística descritiva e os modelos lineares multiníveis, incluindo efeitos de moderação. Empregou-se o método Backward para averiguar a ordem de significância. Resultados: nos modelos, foram significantes as relações entre satisfação com relações hierárquicas e fator "apoio para novas ideias" moderado ao gênero homem e "orientação para as tarefas" às mulheres. Para satisfação com ambiente físico, foram significantes "jornada de trabalho" e "participação na equipe" e, para satisfação intrínseca, permaneceram significantes o regime, a jornada e os fatores "objetivos da equipe", "participação na equipe" e "apoio para ideias novas", e efeito de moderação entre tempo de atuação, "participação na equipe" e "apoio para ideias novas". Conclusão: clima em equipe é influenciado pela satisfação no trabalho de modo heterogêneo e o efeito moderador dessa relação associa-se ao gênero e ao tempo de atuação no serviço.

Comparación Placas de Titanio vs. Placas Reabsorbibles en Fracturas de Orbita: Revisión de literatura / Comparison of Titanium Plates vs. Resorbable Plates in Orbital Fractures: Literature Review

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tratamientos para fracturas de órbita se basan en la corrección del defecto de las lesiones orbitarias de tipo blow in y blow out (o de estallido), mediante diversas placas y mallas biocompatibles con el organismo, dándose una cicatrización de primera generación evitando un callo óseo y una fijación más rígida. Para el diagnóstico de este tipo de lesiones tenemos inflamación periorbitaria, enoftalmos, diplopía, equimosis, hemorragia subconjuntival. Existen diversos materiales reconstructivos siendo estos compuestos por distintas materias primas, como son los aloplásticos y autógenos; donde encontramos varios tipos como placas de titanio y las placas reabsorbibles siendo estas las más comunes y usadas actualmente, por su bajo estímulo a reabsorciones óseas y evitando efectos secundarios a largo plazo. Estas placas presentan diversos grados de ductilidad y resistencia. Se informó sobre varias complicaciones según el tipo de placas como es la cicatrización, las cirugías postquirúrgicas en caso de placas de titanio, etc. El objetivo de esta revisión es la evaluación de la eficacia las placas reabsorbibles versus placas de titanio en fracturas de órbita. Materiales y métodos: La investigación es de carácter documental, descriptivo y no experimental. En el cual se emplea una metodología de identificación e inclusión de artículos científicos tipo prisma. Resultados y conclusiones: Se verificaron las ventajas y desventajas tanto de las placas reabsorbibles como las de titanio siendo estas similares en la biocompatibilidad con el organismo humano, así como también varias diferencias como el soporte, fuerzas, resistencia de estas, concluyendo que es debatible el material ideal para tratar fracturas de órbita. Se seleccionaron artículos tomando en cuenta el título y objetivos; considerando estudios comparativos, revisiones sistemáticas, revisiones de literatura, los cuales comprendían criterios con respecto a fracturas de órbita y tratamientos quirúrgicos. La búsqueda arrojó 55 artículos en PubMed, 65 en Google, 4 en Scielo y 29 en Science direct, de los cuales se excluyeron libros, monografías, estudios experimentales, dando como resultado 21 artículos para el desarrollo de esta revisión bibliográfica. Y que fueron leídos y analizados en su totalidad, estudiando los objetivos, metodología y conclusión de cada uno de ellos para la posterior comparación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Treatments for orbit fractures are based on the correction of the defect of blow in and blow out orbital injuries, by means of various plates and meshes biocompatible with the organism, giving a first-generation healing avoiding a bony callus and a more rigid fixation. For the diagnosis of this type of lesions we have periorbital inflammation, enophthalmos, diplopia, ecchymosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage. There are several reconstructive materials being these composed of different raw materials, such as alloplastic and autogenous, where we find several types such as titanium plates and resorbable plates being these the most common and currently used, for its low stimulus to bone resorption and avoiding long-term side effects. These plates have different degrees of ductility and resistance. Several complications have been reported depending on the type of plates, such as scarring, post-surgical surgeries in the case of titanium plates, etc. The objective of this review is to evaluate the efficacy of resorbable versus titanium plates in orbital fractures. Materials and methods: This research are a documentary, descriptive and non-experimental nature. A prism-type methodology of identification and inclusion of scientific articles was used. Results and conclusions: The advantages and disadvantages of both resorbable and titanium plates were verified, being these similar in biocompatibility with the human organism, as well as several differences such as support, forces, resistance of the same, concluding that it is debatable. The ideal material to treat orbital fractures. Articles were selected considering the title and objectives; considering comparative studies, systematic reviews, literature reviews, which included criteria regarding orbital fractures and surgical treatments. The search yielded 55 articles in PubMed, 65 in Google, 4 in Scielo and 29 in Science direct, from which books, monographs, experimental studies were excluded, resulting in 21 articles for the development of this bibliographic review. The 21 articles were read and analyzed in their entirety, studying the objectives, methodology and conclusion of each one of them for subsequent comparison.

Evolución a largo plazo y factores influyentes de los pacientes que ingresan con FANV en los servicios de Medicina Interna de Galicia / Long-term evolution and influential factors of patients admitted with NVAF in the Internal Medicine services of Galicia

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the longterm evolution and influencing factors of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) admitted to internal medicine services. Patients and method: This is an observational and retrospective study of the evolution during five years of the patients admitted, between January-2016 and January-2017, with FANV in the Galician Internal Medicine services. For this end, it was quantified the emergency room visits, hospital admissions and survival. The factors with more influence over these variables were studied. Results: It was included 1.342 patients and followed for 5 years. There were 3.691 hospital admissions, and 8.687 visits to the emergency department (ED). They had a survival of 66,6%, with a median survival of 1.034,57 days. The univariate analysis found that age, antithrombotic treatment at discharge and Barthel's index influenced survival, but not sex. However, in the multivariate analysis only Barthel’s index was found to be independent variable that influence survival. Conclusions: Patients with NVAF admitted to internal medicine services constitute a subpopulation at high risk of hospital readmission and visits to the ED. A change in the model of transition to discharge and outpatient follow-up is necessary, through adapted proactive programs, capable of reducing hospital events and improving the quality of life of these patients and their caregivers. (AU)

Objetivos: Estudiar la evolución a lo largo plazo, así como los factores que influyen en la misma, de la población con fibrilación auricular no valvular (FANV) que ingresa en los servicios de Medicina Interna. Pacientes y método: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo de la evolución durante cinco años, de los pacientes ingresados con FANV en los servicios de Medicina Interna gallegos, entre enero-2016 y enero-2017. Para este fin se cuantificaron las visitas a urgencias, los ingresos hospitalarios y la supervivencia. Se estudiaron los factores que más influyeron en estas variables. Resultados: Se incluyeron 1.342 pacientes y se realizó un seguimiento durante 5 años. Se contabilizaron 3.691 ingresos hospitalarios, y 8.687 visitas al servicio de urgencias (SU). Tuvieron una supervivencia del 66,6%, con una mediana de supervivencia de 1.034,57 días. En el análisis univariante, la edad, el tratamiento antitrombótico al alta y el índice de Barthel influyeron en la supervivencia, no así el sexo. En el análisis multivariante, el índice de Barthel fue la única variable independiente que influyó en la supervivencia. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con FANV ingresados en los servicios de Medicina Interna, suponen una subpoblación de alto riesgo de reingreso hospitalario y visitas al SU. Es necesario un cambio en el modelo de transición al alta y de seguimiento ambulatorio, mediante programas proactivos adaptados, capaces de reducir eventos hospitalarios y mejorar la calidad de vida de estos pacientes y sus cuidadores. (AU)

Non-suicidal self-injury in young adults with and without borderline personality disorder: the role of emotion dysregulation and negative urgency / Autolesión no suicida en adultos jóvenes con y sin trastorno límite de la personalidad: el papel de la desregulación emocional y la urgencia negativa

La Autolesión No Suicida (ANS) se define como un dolor auto-infligido que se utiliza como un mecanismo para aliviar la angustia psicoló-gica. Aunque ANS es común en el trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP), también es un problema creciente en estudiantes universitarios. Si bien la desregulación emocional y la urgencia negativa están asociadas con ANS, poco se sabe sobre las dimensiones específicas que predicen la moti-vación (funciones) y la frecuencia de las autolesiones. Se exploró la relación entre la desregulación emocional, la urgencia negativa, y ANS en 86 adultos jóvenes, divididos en tres grupos: estudiantes universitarios con ANS, pa-cientes TLP con ANS y un grupo de control sano sin ANS. Realizamos análisis de regresión múltiple para predecir las funciones y frecuencia de ANS. La no aceptación de las emociones, una dimensión especifica de la desregulación emocional, predijo de manera única las funciones intraperso-nales de ANS, pero no las funciones interpersonales. Por último, la falta de estrategias de regulación emocional predijo la frecuencia de ANS solo en individuos con una alta urgencia negativa, es decir, individuos que tienden a actuar impulsivamente cuando experimentan emociones negativas, pero no en aquellos con una baja urgencia negativa. Los hallazgos resaltan las moti-vaciones subyacentes a la autolesión y revelan facetas de la desregulación emocional relevantes para el tratamiento de ANS.(AU)

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as self-inflicted pain, and it is used as a mechanism to alleviate psychological distress. Although NSSI is prevalent in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), it is also an increasing concern among college student populations. While emotion dysregulation and negative urgency are associated with NSSI, little is known about which dimensions specifically predict the motivations (NSSI-functions) and frequency of self-harm. The current study explored the rela-tionship between emotion dysregulation, negative urgency, and NSSI in 86 young adults, divided into three groups: college students with NSSI, BPD patients with NSSI, and a healthy control group without NSSI. We con-ducted multiple regression analyses to predicted NSSI-functions and NSSI-frequency. Non-acceptance of emotions, a specific dimension of emotion dysregulation, uniquely predicted intrapersonal NSSI-functions (e.g., regu-lating distressing emotions), but not interpersonal NSSI-functions (e.g., communicating distress). Lastly, poor emotion regulation strategies pre-dicted NSSI-frequency only in individuals with high negative urgency, that is, individuals who tend to act impulsively when experiencing negative emotions, but not in those with low negative urgency. Findings shed light on the underlying motivations for engaging in self-injury, and they reveal facets of emotion dysregulation relevant for NSSI treatment.(AU)

Experiencia en el manejo de anafilaxia en un Departamento de Emergencias Pediátricas

Introducción: La anafilaxia es una reacción multisistémica potencialmente mortal; su reconocimiento temprano y abordaje oportuno son fundamentales. La variabilidad de presentación y gravedad requieren la utilización de criterios diagnósticos para la mejora de la atención en urgencias. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, criterios de diagnóstico y tratamiento de los pacientes con anafilaxia atendidos en un Departamento de Emergencias Pediátricas (DEP). Materiales y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva, descriptiva, de casos ingresados en el DEP de enero 2015 a diciembre 2020. Los criterios diagnósticos fueron aplicados por dos observadores emergentólogos evaluando la concordancia con el índice к de Cohen. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva: proporciones, medianas y rango intercuartílico. Resultados: Se aplicaron los criterios NIAID/FAAN a 65 historias clínicas con diagnóstico de egreso de anafilaxia encontrándose una concordancia de 0,64 (IC 95%: 0,41-0,88). De ellos, 35 (54%) cumplieron los criterios diagnósticos. El 66% (23/35) recibió adrenalina. La mediana de edad fue de 7 años (RIC: 3-11,5). Antecedente de asma en 9/35, atopia en 7/35 y anafilaxia previa en 7/35. Como factor desencadenante se constató consumo de medicamentos en 16/35, alimentos en 8/35. La estadía hospitalaria tuvo una mediana de 18 horas (RIC: 12-24). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren una brecha entre identificación precisa de los casos de anafilaxia y el tratamiento oportuno con adrenalina cuando se utilizan criterios estandarizados.

Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a potentially fatal multisystem reaction; early recognition and timely approach are essential. The variability in its presentation and severity requires the use of diagnostic criteria to improve emergency care. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic criteria and treatment of patients with anaphylaxis treated in a Pediatric Emergency Department (PED). Materials and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive review of cases admitted to the PED from January 2015 to December 2020. The diagnostic criteria were applied by two emergentologist observers; Cohen's к index was used to evaluate their agreement. Descriptive statistics were used: proportions, medians and interquartile range. Results: The NIAID/FAAN criteria were applied to 65 medical records with a discharge diagnosis of anaphylaxis, finding an agreement of 0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.88). Of these, 35 (54%) met the diagnostic criteria. 66% (23/35) received adrenaline. The median age was 7 years (IQR: 3-11.5). 9/35 had a history of asthma, 7/35 had atopy and previous anaphylaxis was noted in 7/35. As a triggering factor, medication consumption was found in 16/35, and food in 8/35. The hospital stay had a median of 18 hours (IQR: 12-24). Conclusions: The results suggest a gap between accurate recognition of anaphylaxis cases and timely treatment with adrenaline when standardized criteria are used.

Adversidades no cotidiano de trabalho de um serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel de urgência / Adversities in the daily work of a pre-hospital mobile emergency care service / Adversidades en el cotidiano de trabajo de un servicio de atención prehospitalaria móvil de emergencia

Objetivo: identificar situações adversas no cotidiano de trabalho de profissionais de um serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel de urgência. Método: estudo qualitativo, fundamentado no referencial teórico de cotidiano de Michel de Certeau, realizado entre julho e outubro de 2020, por meio de entrevistas com 32 profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado por análise temática e organizado utilizando-se o software MAXQDA®. Resultados: as situações adversas foram intempéries climáticas; situações de violência; pressão exercida por traficantes, familiares, transeuntes; despreparo dos profissionais e atendimentos em locais inóspitos, de difícil acesso, imprevisíveis, que podem desencadear possíveis incidentes durante os atendimentos aos usuários. Conclusão: a identificação das situações adversas deve fazer parte da rotina antes e durante os atendimentos e a implementação de medidas preventivas reduz os riscos de incidentes ao paciente.

Objective: to identify adverse situations in the daily work of professionals in a mobile emergency pre-hospital care service. Method: qualitative study, based on Michel de Certeau's daily theoretical framework, carried out between July and October 2020, through interviews with 32 professionals from the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Data processing was carried out by thematic analysis and organized using the MAXQDA® software. Results: the adverse situations were bad weather; violence´s situations; pressure exerted by drug dealers, family members, passers-by; unpreparedness of professionals and assistance in inhospitable, difficult to access, unpredictable places, which can trigger possible incidents during assistance to users. Conclusions: the identification of adverse situations should be part of the routine before and during the assistences and the implementation of preventive measures reduces the risk of incidents for the patient.

Objetivo: identificar situaciones adversas en el cotidiano del trabajo de los profesionales de un servicio de atención prehospitalaria móvil de emergencia. Método: estudio cualitativo, basado en el marco teórico de cotidiano de Michel de Certeau, realizado entre julio y octubre de 2020, a través de entrevistas con 32 profesionales del Servicio Móvil de Atención de Emergencia (SAMU) en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. El tratamiento de los datos se realizó por análisis temático y se organizó utilizando el software MAXQDA®. Resultados: las situaciones adversas fueron intemperies climáticas, situaciones de violencia; presión ejercida por narcotraficantes, familiares, transeúntes; falta de preparación de los profesionales y atención en lugares inhóspitos, de difícil acceso, impredecibles, que pueden desencadenar posibles incidentes durante la atención a los usuarios. Conclusiones: la identificación de situaciones adversas debe formar parte de la rutina antes y durante las consultas, y la implementación de medidas preventivas le reduce el riesgo de incidentes al paciente.